Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer starts in the ovary, a small organ in the female reproductive system that makes female hormones and holds egg cells which, when fertilized, can develop into a fetus.

Causes of ovarian cancer

Generally, the causes of ovarian cancer are unknown. It may develop due to an inherited gene mutation. Scientists have yet to discover why this mutation is present in some and not in others. Fewer than 5% of all ovarian cancer cases have a hereditary predisposition.

Other risk factors include:

Being over the age of 55
Previous history of cancer in the breast, uterus, colon or rectum
Never having been pregnant

Having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean that a person will definitely develop ovarian cancer.

Symptoms of ovarian cancer

Abdominal/pelvic pain
Vaginal bleeding
Bloating
Distended abdomen
Nausea
Irregular periods or bleeding after menopause
Change in bowel habits

Diagnosis of ovarian cancer

To test for ovarian cancer, physicians use the CA 125 blood test, a tumor indicator that usually presents higher in the blood of those with ovarian cancer. CT scans or ultrasounds of the pelvis along with imaging of the chest are usually done to help accurately stage the disease. A laparoscopy may also be used to detect cancer spread.

Treatment of ovarian cancer at KHCC

Treatment options may vary depending on the size of the tumor and stage of diagnosis. A specialized surgeon may perform surgery to remove the tumor, along with other procedures to contain and prevent the cancer from spreading. Chemotherapy is usually used in post-operative treatment for all patients with ovarian cancer except patients who had a complete removal of the ovary as they are considered low risk.