Head Tumors

Head Tumors

Head tumors are among the most complex and challenging medical conditions, deeply affecting patients and their families due to their sensitive location in the brain or surrounding tissues that control essential body functions such as movement, memory, thinking, speech, and sensation.

At the King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), we dedicate our expertise and efforts to providing comprehensive medical care that includes precise diagnosis, advanced treatment, and psychological and social support, delivered by a specialized team combining science with comprehensive care.

Understanding Head and Brain Anatomy

To understand the nature of head tumors, it’s important to recognize the brain’s complex structure. The brain is the command center of the human body, composed of three main parts:

Cerebrum: Responsible for thinking, memory, language, and perception.
Cerebellum: Controls balance, movement, and muscle coordination.
Brain stem: Regulates vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and sleep.

The brain is protected by three layers of membranes called the meninges and enclosed by the skull, which shields it from injury. Any abnormal growth in these areas can place pressure on sensitive regions, leading to various functional disorders.

What Are Head Tumors?

Head tumors are abnormal masses or growths of cells inside the skull. They can be benign, noncancerous growths that do not spread to other parts of the body, or malignant, which means cancerous and capable of rapid growth and spread.

The tumor’s impact depends on its location. A small tumor in one area can cause noticeable symptoms, while a larger one elsewhere might go unnoticed for a long time.

Types of Head Tumors

Head tumors are generally classified into two categories:

1. Primary Tumors

These originate from cells within the brain or nearby tissues, and include:

Glioma: The most common type, arising from the supportive cells that nourish and protect neurons.
Meningioma: Develops from the membranes surrounding the brain, often slow-growing.
Acoustic Neuroma: Grows on the nerve connecting the ear and brain, potentially causing hearing loss, tinnitus, or imbalance.
Pituitary Tumors: Affect hormone production and may lead to issues in growth, fertility, or weight.
Skull Base Tumors: Arise at the base of the skull and may affect vision or facial nerves.

2. Secondary (Metastatic) Tumors

These spread to the brain from other parts of the body through bloodstream. They are more common than primary brain tumors and often occur in patients with lung, breast, skin, or kidney cancers.

3. Pediatric Brain Tumors

Brain tumors are among the most common childhood cancers after leukemia and often differ from adult brain tumors. While adult tumors typically occur in the cerebrum, children’s tumors are more likely to develop in the cerebellum or brainstem.

At KHCC, we provide a child-friendly treatment environment supported by specialized psychological and educational programs designed for children and their families.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the tumor’s size, location, and rate of growth. Common signs include:

Persistent or worsening headaches, especially in the morning
Seizures or sudden convulsions
Weakness or numbness on one side of the body
Loss of balance or difficulty walking
Vision, hearing, or speech disturbances
Changes in mood, behavior, or memory
Unexplained nausea and vomiting
Difficulty concentrating or completing daily tasks

These symptoms don’t necessarily mean a tumor is present, but they do warrant medical evaluation.

Causes and Risk Factors

While the exact cause of head tumors is still unknown, several factors may increase the risk:

Family history of tumors
Previous exposure to radiation (for medical treatment or occupational reasons)
Weakened immune system due to chronic illness or immunosuppressive medication
Certain rare genetic syndromes
Aging, as some tumors are more common with advancing age
Long-term exposure to toxic chemicals or environmental pollutants

Diagnosis at the King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC)

At KHCC, doctors use the latest technologies for accurate diagnosis, including:

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): To determine the tumor’s size and location
CT Scan: To detect bone changes or bleeding
Hormonal Tests: For pituitary gland tumors
Biopsy: Surgical or needle-guided sampling for laboratory analysis
Genetic and Molecular Testing: To identify mutations and guide personalized treatment plans

Treatment Options

At KHCC, a multidisciplinary approach is the foundation of care. A team of neurosurgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and mental health specialists work together to ensure the best possible outcomes.

Treatment options include:

1. Surgery

Aimed at removing all or part of the tumor while preserving healthy tissue. Surgeons use advanced techniques such as:

Image-guided surgery
High-resolution surgical microscopes
Radiosurgery (Gamma Knife and CyberKnife)

2. Radiation Therapy

Used to destroy or stop the growth of cancer cells, either after surgery or as a primary treatment. At KHCC, high-precision equipment targets the tumor while minimizing side effects.

3. Chemotherapy

Administered intravenously, or orally, either alone or in combination with other treatments, based on each patient’s individualized treatment plan.

4. Targeted therapy and Immunotherapy

These advanced therapies attack specific genetic changes in cancer cells or activate the immune system to fight the tumor, representing some of the latest breakthroughs in brain tumor care.

5. Rehabilitation and Psychological Support

Includes physical and occupational therapy, speech and memory training, and psychological counseling for patients and families to enhance quality of life post-treatment.

Life After Treatment

Following treatment, patients undergo a structured follow-up program that includes:

Regular imaging tests to monitor recurrence
Neurological and hormonal assessments
Ongoing psychological and social support
Nutritional and lifestyle guidance to strengthen immunity

KHCC also offers reintegration programs to help patients return to daily life, work, and education, with continuous support for families.

Research and Innovation at KHCC

KHCC is actively involved in cutting-edge research aimed at:

Developing more effective targeted therapies
Studying genetic factors that contribute to tumor development
Using artificial intelligence to analyze brain imaging
Enhancing surgical and radiation techniques
KHCC also participates in international clinical trials, giving patients in Jordan and the region access to the latest global treatment advancements.

Family and Community Support

Family support is a cornerstone of the healing journey. Emotional encouragement from loved ones helps patients cope with treatment and recovery.

KHCC provides educational and awareness sessions for families on managing behavioral and psychological changes, along with support groups where patients and caregivers can share experiences and strength.

Prevention and Healthy Living

While many head tumors cannot be prevented, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can reduce overall cancer risk. Recommendations include:

Avoiding smoking and alcohol
Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
Staying physically active
Minimizing exposure to harmful chemicals and radiation
Getting enough sleep and managing stress

KHCC’s Commitment

Since its establishment, the King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) has been committed to providing the highest quality of cancer care in Jordan and the region.

KHCC continues to expand its medical and research capabilities, standing as a beacon of hope for every patient seeking healing, affirming that the cancer journey is not an end, but a new beginning filled with hope, strength, and determination.